
What is TRF?
Time-Resolved Fluorescence is a detection technology based on lanthanide chelates (e.g., Europium Eu³⁺, Samarium Sm³⁺), which exhibit:
Long fluorescence lifetimes (microseconds to milliseconds)
Large Stokes shifts
Sharp emission spectra
Unlike conventional fluorescent dyes (nanosecond lifetime), TRF separates signal from background in the time domain, dramatically improving signal clarity.
How the Technology Works?
1
Pulsed Excitation
A pulsed light source (e.g., xenon flash lamp or laser) excites the fluorescent labels.
3
Pulsed Excitation
A pulsed light source (e.g., xenon flash lamp or laser) excites the fluorescent labels.
2
Time Delay
After excitation, detection is delayed (typically ~100 microseconds), allowing short-lived background fluorescence to decay.
Why TRF Technology?
Ultra-High Sensitivity
Detection limits can reach 10⁻¹⁵ mol/L (pg/mL level), significantly outperforming conventional fluorescence methods.
Exceptional Anti-Interference
Time-gated detection eliminates background autofluorescence from complex samples such as blood, serum, or tissue.
High Specificity
Narrow emission peaks and large Stokes shifts reduce spectral overlap and improve assay accuracy.
Multiplex Capability
Different lanthanide labels (e.g., Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺) enable simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in a single assay.
Scientific Foundation
TRF integrates multiple advanced disciplines:
Immunoassay chemistry (antigen–antibody binding)
Lanthanide photophysics
Time-resolved signal processing

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Category
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TSH, T3, T4, FT3, FT4
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Vitamin B12, Ferritin (FERR), Homocysteine (HCY), Total IgE
PGI & PGII
INS
VD
Positioning vs Conventional Fluorescence
Feature
Conventional Fluorescence
TRF Technology
Fluorescence lifetime
Background interference
Sensitivity
Multiplexing
Equipment complexity
High
Moderate
Limited
Low
Nanoseconds
Extremely low
Ultra-high
Strong
High
Microseconds–milliseconds
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